THC and Your Glucose

As a dietitian and certified diabetes care and education specialist living and working in California, I often encounter questions about how various substances, including THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol) the psychoactive component of cannabis, might impact health. With increasing legalization and use of cannabis, understanding its effects on glucose levels is crucial, especially for patients with diabetes or those at risk of developing diabetes.

THC and Glucose Levels: An Overview

The relationship between THC and glucose levels is complex and not fully understood. However, several studies have begun to shed light on how THC might influence blood sugar control.

Research Findings

1. Potential Protective Effects:
   • Some studies suggest that cannabis users have a lower risk of developing diabetes compared to non-users. A study published in the American Journal of Medicine found that current cannabis users had fasting insulin levels that were 16% lower and insulin resistance levels that were 17% lower than non-users. This indicates a potential protective effect of THC on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism .
2. Impact on Weight and Appetite:
   • THC is known to stimulate appetite, often referred to as "the munchies." This increased food intake could potentially lead to weight gain, a risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, some research indicates that regular cannabis users may have lower body mass indexes (BMIs) and smaller waist circumferences, which could positively impact glucose control.
   • If you want the relaxation benefits of cannabis without the munchies and psychoactive effects, consume something that is higher in CBD (cannabinol), and lower in THC
3. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress:
   • Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are key factors in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. Some studies suggest that THC has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which might help in reducing the risk of these conditions. For instance, a study in the journal Diabetes Care indicated that cannabis compounds could reduce inflammation and improve glucose metabolism .
4. Neuropathy and Pain Management:
   • Diabetic neuropathy, a common complication of diabetes, can be debilitating. THC has been studied for its potential to manage chronic pain, including neuropathic pain. While this doesn't directly affect glucose levels, better pain management can lead to improved overall health and well-being, indirectly supporting better glucose control.

Practical Considerations for Patients

While the research presents a mixed picture, it’s essential for patients to consider the following practical aspects:

1. Monitoring Blood Glucose:
   • Patients using THC should closely monitor their blood glucose levels. THC's effects can vary widely between individuals, and understanding personal responses is crucial for effective management.
   • Monitor glucose daily at fasting, and check bedtime and paired readings each 3 times per week or more per MD guidance.
2. Diet and Exercise:
   • Regardless of THC use, maintaining a balanced diet and regular exercise routine is essential for managing diabetes. Patients should be particularly mindful of their dietary choices if experiencing increased appetite due to THC.
3. Medication Interactions:
   • THC can interact with various medications, including those used to manage diabetes. Patients should consult with their healthcare provider to understand potential interactions and adjust treatment plans accordingly.
   • Choose the right cannabinoid product for you. CBD can provide the pain ands stress-relief effects without the other effects of THC (altered mental state, dry or cotton mouth, slow reaction speed, nausea/vomiting, and munchies)
4. How THC is Consumed:
   • The method of consumption (smoking, edibles, gummies, etc.) can influence health, too. Smoking marijuana should be avoided to preserve lung health. However, taking THC in edibles format is debatable.
   • Alcohol containing THC will affect cholesterol levels, while THC in cookies and candies will inevitably affect glucose.

Conclusion

While some research suggests potential benefits of THC for glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, other factors such as appetite stimulation and the risk of weight gain complicate the picture. Patients with diabetes or those at risk should approach THC use with caution, and maintain open communication with their healthcare providers.

We will not judge or preach. We aim to help in whatever way works and is safe.

That being said, further research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of THC on glucose metabolism. In the meantime, prioritize a holistic approach to diabetes management, with a balanced way of eating, regular exercise, and frequent glucose checks.

References

1. Penner, E. A., Buettner, H., & Mittleman, M. A. (2013). The impact of marijuana use on glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance among US adults. The American Journal of Medicine, 126(7), 583-589.
2. Le Strat, Y., & Le Foll, B. (2011). Obesity and Cannabis Use: Results From 2 Representative National Surveys. American Journal of Epidemiology, 174(8), 929-933.
3. Rajavashisth, T. B., Shaheen, M., Norris, K. C., Pan, D., Sinha, S. K., Ortega, J., & Friedman, T. C. (2012). Decreased prevalence of diabetes in marijuana users: Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. BMJ Open, 2(1), e000494.
4. Russo, E. B., Guy, G. W., & Robson, P. J. (2007). Cannabis, Pain, and Sleep: Lessons from Therapeutic Clinical Trials of Sativex, a Cannabis-Based Medicine. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 4(8), 1729-1743.